What impact should belief in the inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture have on doing biblical theology in the OT (by a “conservative”) as compared to a person who does not believe in the inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture (by a “liberal”)?

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Biblical theology considers how God’s Word connects together and climaxes in Christ. And believing in the inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture has an important impact on the person who will do biblical theology in the OT. As if you do not view the OT as the authoritative Word of God, it will be hard to arrive at what the biblical authors intended. This requires a submissive disposition to Scripture’s authority.

So, the believer can affirm in doing biblical theology in OT that the Scripture, having been given by divine inspiration, is infallible so that, far from misleading us, it is true and reliable in all the matters it addresses. Also, that Scripture in its entirety is inerrant, being free from all falsehood, fraud, or deceit. He will be able to refer to the Bible with complete truthfulness, knowing that the doctrine of inerrancy is grounded in the teaching of the Bible about inspiration. His confession of the full authority, infallibility, and inerrancy of Scripture is vital to a sound understanding of the whole of the Christian faith, not only the OT. Such confession should lead to increasing conformity to the image of Christ, which will affect his whole biblical theology from the roots.

In comparison, the one who does not believe (Liberal) will deny that it is possible for the Bible to be at the same time infallible and errant in its assertions, and he may believe that scientific hypotheses would overturn the biblical teachings about various things like creation, etc. Also, he will evaluate Scripture according to standards of truth and error that are alien to its usage or purpose. He would believe that inerrancy is negated by Biblical phenomena such as a lack of modern technical precision, irregularities of grammar or spelling, observational descriptions of nature, the reporting of falsehoods, the use of hyperbole and round numbers, the topical arrangement of material, variant selections of material in parallel accounts, or the use of free citations. Also, Jesus' teaching about Scripture may be dismissed by appeals to accommodation or to any natural limitation of His humanity. He may apply some rules of biblical theology, but he lost the purpose of doing any theology, which is reasoning or study of God himself.

Jesus said, “Scripture cannot be broken” (John 10:35), and Paul said that “all Scripture is breathed out by God” (2 Tim. 3:16). Indeed, as Peter said, “No prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit” (2 Peter 1:21).

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